Cissampelos parieta

 

PATHA - Cyclea peltata , Cissampelos parieta
  
Botanical Name— Cissampelos parieta Linn. (North India)

Cyclea peltata (south India )
 
Family- MENISPERMACEAE 
 
 Names in different language

Hindi- Padhi, Padha; Telugu- Chiruboddi;
Kannada. Padavali; Tamil-Appatta; Malayalam. Kattuvalli; Gujarati- Venivel; Bengali-Akanadi; Marathj- Padavela
  
Synonyms— Ambasthã, Pãpacelika, Präcinã, Varatiktã, Aviddha karni, Piluphalã, Kucelikã, Ekãsthilã.

 Classification according to Caraka, Susruta & Vagbhata

 Caraka -Sandhãniya, Jvarahara, Stanyaödhana

Susruta - Mustãdi, Aragvadhadi, Pippalyadi, Ambasthadi, Brhatyadi, Patolädi


Vägbhata - Mustadi, Aragvadhadi, Ambasthdi, Patolädi, Vatsakãdi,

 Introduction—

 It is one of the best brain tonic used in Ayurveda along with other drugs. In the Vedic literature Pãthã is described as ‘Pãtã’ 

Varieties & adulterants  - (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) 
 
1. Cyclea peltata  - [AD]

2. C. burmani - [AD]

3. Stemphania hernandifolia - [AD]

4. Rivea hypocrateriformins - [AD]

 5. R. ornata. - [AD]

6. Raja patha - Cyclea peltata


7.  laghu patha -  Cissampelos pariera
 Morphology
 
C. pareira- It is a climbing shrub; branches pubescent.

Leaves- peltate, 3.8-10 cm diametre.

Flowers- minute, yellowish. Male flowers in axillary cymes, peduncle 18mm long. Sepals 4, hairy, obovate- oblong. Petals combined into a cyathiform corolla, half the length of the sepals. Filaments longer than Corolla. Female flowers in elongate, solitary or twin, axillary racemes; pedicles very short; bracts foliaceous or nearly sessile, orbicular or reniform. Sepal 1, ovate-oblong. Petal 1, sub rotund.

Fruit drupe, subglobose, hairy, red, endocarp transversely ridged. Distribution- Found throughout tropical & subtropical India.

C. peltata- It is a climber, Leaves- peltate, hairy,

                                                     Cyclea peltata
 


Flowers- very small. Male flowers in panicles, very long.

Fruit- drupe. reniform.


Note— The species of this plant are easily distinguished by the cup-shaped calyx and corolla. Cissampelos has the corolla alone cup-shaped.
Distribution & Habitat

All over India
 
chemical constituents

 C. pariera- Hayatin (dl-becberine), hayatinin, menismine, cissamine, pareirine, cycleanine,bebeerine, hayatidin, (+) quercitol etc.

C. peltata- Fangchinoline, cycleapeltine, cycleadrine,cycleacurine, cycleanorine, cycleahomine chloride, chondocurine, magnoflorine,isotetradrine, perpamine, cycleamine, burmannaline etc.


Properties—
Rasa-Tikta
 
Virya-Usna
 
 Cyclea peltata

Vipäka-Katu

Guna.-Laghu, Tiksna

Karma-Vata-Kaphahara,

Visaghna, Grãhi, Balya
External uses Being wound healer. antidote and Kushthaghna, paste of leaves and root is used in purities, skin disorders and snake poison. Juice or powdered roots are used as a nasya.                                                   Cyclea peltata
 Internal uses
  
Digestive system : Being an appetizer, digestive, laxative, astringent and anthelniintic, it is useful in anorexia. indigestion,abdominal pain, diarrhoea and dysentery.

 Circulatory system : It is a blood purifier and has anti-inflammatory properly, so it is used in blood disorders, heart disorders and inflammation.
 
Respiratory system Being an expectorant, is is used in cough and dyspnoea.
 
Reproductive system Since it purifies breast milk it is used in various disorders ot breast milk secretion.
  
Urinary system :  diuretic, hence useful in  dysuria and haematuria.
  
Skin : Kushthaghna, Useful in skin disorders.
  
Temperature : Being febrifuge and refrigerant, it is used in jwara. fever related diarrhoea and burning disorders.
 Satmikaran : Antidote and tonic - bitter tonic.
Excretion : This drug is excreted through urine.

Srotogamitva
 
Dosha Alleviates vata, kapha. alleviates all three doshas.
Dhatn : Rasa, rakta, stanyagami.
Mala : Purisha (astringent), mutsamargagami (excretion through urine)

Part Used— Root          Dosage— Powder l-3g; decoction 50-lOOml.

Indications.- Atisãra, Chardi, üla, Jvara, Kustha, Kandü, Krmi, Hrdroa, Gulma, Yöni röga.

Important Yogas or Formations

Pusyanuga curna, saddharana yoga.

 Therapeutic Uses—
(1) ArthaVabhedaka - Root juice of Pãtha shall be used as Naya (G.N.)
(2) Lavanameha— Decoction of Pãthã and Aguru is useful (S.S.Ci. 11)
(3) Arsas— Pãthã is taken with butter-milk (A.H.Ci.8)